Researchers seek lifelong vaccine for flu - San Francisco Chronicle: San Francisco ChronicleResearchers seek lif... http://t.co/CP3AnIJA
The very young or very old, or anyone with a weakened immune system, are more likely to become infected, and they're more likely to suffer severe symptoms that can lead to hospitalization or death. [...] there always lingers the danger of a flu pandemic, like the 2009 swine flu outbreak, with a new strain suddenly appearing that leaves almost everyone vulnerable. A flu vaccine has been available since the 1950s, and in 1960 the U.S. surgeon general recommended for the first time annual immunization for older adults, defined as anyone over age 64, along with pregnant women and people with certain medical conditions that weakened their immune system. Diminishing returnsStudies also have shown that for most people, their immune response to the vaccine - meaning how well the vaccine primes their body to fight off the flu - starts falling off in their mid-30s. The modern vaccine provides protection by exposing people to tiny bits from three strains of influenza virus, which triggers the body's immune system to start developing antibodies that will fight those specific strains. Even if we were able to make an antibody for that region, the virus would have replicated before the antibody could get in there and attack. [...] scientists develop a way to immunize people against all strains of influenza, a need persists to increase the effectiveness of the vaccine currently available. In just the last year, two new flu vaccine mechanisms became available: an intradermal shot that is injected close to the surface of the skin, and a high-dose vaccine that may improve the immune response in older people. [...] those improvements are relatively subtle and fall far short of the larger goals of making a powerful immunization that provides protection to the vast majority of people for a wide variety of strains, and won't need to be re-administered every flu season. In addition to adjuvants, scientists are looking at something called DNA vaccines, which include DNA that instruct the body to make the hemagglutinin protein itself, instead of having it inserted pre-made. The idea is that the so-called homemade protein will inspire the body to produce not only antibodies to target that protein, but also increase the body's production of other immune cells that aren't flu-specific., The very young or very old, or anyone with a weakened immune system, are more likely to become infected, and they're more likely to suffer severe symptoms that can lead to hospitalization or death. [...] there always lingers the danger of a flu pandemic, like the 2009 swine flu outbreak, with a new strain suddenly appearing that leaves almost everyone vulnerable. A flu vaccine has been available since the 1950s, and in 1960 the U.S. surgeon general recommended for the first time annual immunization for older adults, defined as anyone over age 64, along with pregnant women and people with certain medical conditions that weakened their immune system. Diminishing returnsStudies also have shown that for most people, their immune response to the vaccine - meaning how well the vaccine primes their body to fight off the flu - starts falling off in their mid-30s. The modern vaccine provides protection by exposing people to tiny bits from three strains of influenza virus, which triggers the body's immune system to start developing antibodies that will fight those specific strains. Even if we were able to make an antibody for that region, the virus would have replicated before the antibody could get in there and attack. [...] scientists develop a way to immunize people against all strains of influenza, a need persists to increase the effectiveness of the vaccine currently available. In just the last year, two new flu vaccine mechanisms became available: an intradermal shot that is injected close to the surface of the skin, and a high-dose vaccine that may improve the immune response in older people. [...] those improvements are relatively subtle and fall far short of the larger goals of making a powerful immunization that provides protection to the vast majority of people for a wide variety of strains, and won't need to be re-administered every flu season. In addition to adjuvants, scientists are looking at something called DNA vaccines, which include DNA that instruct the body to make the hemagglutinin protein itself, instead of having it inserted pre-made. The idea is that the so-called homemade protein will inspire the body to produce not only antibodies to target that protein, but also increase the body's production of other immune cells that aren't flu-specific.
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